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Analytical workflows depend on the rapid and precise handling of sample solutions. The DispenSix Liquid Handler fully automates an array of liquid handling tasks and sample preparation, utilizing up to four solvents and facilitating the preparation of dilution series and both the aliquoting and sampling of liquids.

Its unparalleled dead volume and high resolution allow the DispenSix Liquid Handler to virtually eliminate cross-contamination to ensure exceptionally accurate dispensing.

The DispenSix Liquid Handler can be used to efficiently automate straightforward and complex titration applications, particularly when combined with the T7 and T9 Excellence titrators.

This article examines the automated preparation of a dilution series for sensor calibration, alongside a series of direct measurements using a fluoride-sensitive electrode.

Adjustment - or calibration - of ion-selective electrodes necessitates the use of a range of standard solutions with increasing concentrations.

These standard solutions are typically prepared via the dilution of an aliquot from a concentrated stock solution, with additional lower concentrations achieved through the dilution of aliquots from previously diluted solutions.

Preparing dilution series is generally an extremely time-consuming and error-prone process involving a number of manual steps. The potential for error is particularly high when working with large numbers of diluted solutions.

There are significant benefits to automating the complete workflow, particularly in terms of the advantages over manual pipetting.

Using a combination of the dDrive unit and DispenSix multiport valve with integrated glass burette offers an ideal means of automating liquid handling operations when preparing dilution series.

This article focuses on the automated preparation of a dilution series with a 1000 ppm fluoride ion solution, diluted to 100, 10 and 1 ppm.

Image Credit: Mettler-Toledo – Titration

The initial dilution steps are done with a DispenSix Liquid Handler. This instrument is equipped with a T7 / T9 Titration Excellence and an InMotion Autosampler with two towers A and B.

Tower A is used for the preparation of the dilution series. Tower B is then used for calibration and measurements with a fluoride ion-selective electrode (F−-ISE). This helps to ensure there is no cross-contamination.

Figure 1. Setup for automated liquid handling including dilution, calibration and direct measurements with a fluoride ISE. Image Credit: Mettler-Toledo – Titration

A 100 mL beaker was filled with 1000 pm F− standard solution before being placed on InMotion Flex 100 mL rack at the position labeled “Special Beaker 1” (Position 16).

Next, an empty 100 mL beaker was placed at the InMotion position labeled “Rinse beaker” (Position 17), while a 100 mL beaker filled with deionized water was placed on the Flex 100 mL rack at the position labeled “Conditioning beaker” (Position 18).

A total of four empty 100 mL beakers were also placed on the sample rack at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Method M871A on the DispenSix Liquid Handler was started to commence the automated dilution of four solutions. The entire pipetting procedure was undertaken on Tower A of the InMotion Flex 100 mL Autosampler.

The perfectION F−-ISE was initially conditioned in the conditioning beaker containing deionized water. This ensured a stable signal prior to commencing calibration, which was performed on Tower B using method M871B.

A total of 5 mL of TISAB III solution (Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer) was added to each individual solution prior to measurement taking place.

Image Credit: Mettler-Toledo – Titration

Content in the samples could be determined following sensor calibration. This was done using method M871C on Tower B. It should be noted that the addition of TISAB III is not necessary when using identical fluoride calibration solutions for content determination.

Image Credit: Mettler-Toledo – Titration

Calibration and measurement have been performed using potentiometric direct measurement. This was done with a solid-state fluoride ISE.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Mettler-Toledo - Titration.

For more information on this source, please visit Mettler-Toledo - Titration.

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